Microsoft Company Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Microsoft Company Analysis - Essay Example A lot of criticism has been raised about the practices of the management but the company still continues to experience rapid growth. Some of the biggest issues have been Labor Practices, Licensing Agreements, Acquisitions and Court Litigations (Salop & Romaine, 1999). Microsoft violated anti-trust laws and was charged with illegal conduct. Despite the court ruling, economic and legal justifications continue to be a subject of debate amongst the different entities from both sides. Today, companies are reviewed and judged not only on their economic performance, but also how well they are maintaining ethical standards. The management at Microsoft has been focused on not only adapting to the changing environment but maintaining a high level of ethical conduct while doing so. Studying the Microsoft case is important for two reasons, firstly the outcomes of this case may have severe consequences on the future of this industry. The laws and policies that come out of this case will not only influence how Microsoft works but also other computer hardware/software manufacturers like IBM and Apple. Secondly, as a legal case, it determines the standards of monopolization for all future generations. Technological Changes The biggest challenge recent technological change has been the increase in the use of mobile devices. In April 2011, Microsoft, once the dominant technology company, saw revenue from its core operating system software slip in the first three months of 2011 as consumers begin to shift to buying tablet computers that do not run on Microsoft software. Microsoft has been severely lagging behind in this industry with Windows Mobile not being used by many of the handheld PDAs or cell phones (Markus & Robey). With Apple and Google growing rapidly with their own respective systems, Microsoft needed to bounce back which it did with a strategic collaboration with Nokia which means that all new Nokia handsets will be supplied with support for Windows Media Audio and Wi ndows Media DRM 10 (Digital Rights Management). This will enable users of the new mobile music service from Nokia and to play songs on Windows XP. Nokia has moved away from RealPlayer that brings together the leading companies (Nokia and Microsoft) in the market. This is Microsoft’s door to a large part of the mobile phone market, a region that was not really successful the last two years. Even before this deal was made speculation had started whether Nokia was being purchased by Microsoft simply because of the fact that many did not see Microsoft using a collaborative strategy as it has never done in the past. But this step is extremely positive because the deal made between the two giants ensures constant development in the future, and Microsoft will remain competitive in the mobile OS industry. One of the latest events that Microsoft has entered into is by acquiring Skype, a kind of software that can be used to make telephone calls using the internet. This actually has bee n viewed as a mixed strategy by analysts. While many say that it is a good expansion for the company, others argue that it is once again the Microsoft way of adapting to challenges, i.e. they lack the ingenuity to come up with original products/services, and chose to acquire smaller firms without actually thinking about whether they fit with the company’s strategy. This is however a step by Microsoft to diversify somewhat into the mobility and networking sector, where it

Discussion Chapter 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Chapter 6 - Essay Example In the long-run, the country will be facing a water shortage due to huge volume needed to support the processing of grains into ethanol. Another problem that the country may be confronted with is the rising corn acreage which demands extensive fertilization (Runge). Fertilization adds nitrogen and phosphorous into the lakes and streams; thus, resulting in the eventual destruction of aquatic life (Runge , par 13). In view of the above, it is proposed that the corn subsidy be instead transferred to subsidy in grass to produce bio-fuel. A major advantage of using grass, particularly switchgrass is that it grows easily. It does not require fertile land unlike other food crops. Since grass is not consumed by humans, it will not have any effect on food prices, unlike that of corn. If the change is implemented, then the debate between fuel and food is eliminated (Bionomicfuel.com 1). An increase in subsidy for switchgrass will even encourage farmers to plant this type of grass in land which are not used for agricultural production. Runge, C. Ford. "The case against biofuels: Probing ethanols hidden cost." 11 March 2010. e360.yale.edu. Web. 5 June 2012

Impact of Movies on Society

Impact of Movies on Society This essay gives a brief history of how movies were developed in the first place. This not only gives a bit of experience of how the movies were developed, but also the purpose of making the movie itself. Many people begin to argue that movies are positive or negative to the society for various reasons. Nowadays, there are more amounts of people who go against movies, as they mostly fear of common problems, such as children having a chance of attempting to make risky actions from what they have watched from action and adventure kind of movies. The problem about their judgement of the influence of movies to the society is that some of them do not think about the genres, as this gives a large difference in the influence to the persons reaction. For example, another kind of genre would be documentary. As they give knowledge about the nature and reality, it is considered to be helpful and if better, change their personalities and their point of view. So that means other genres like action and adventure movies are not considered to be helpful and are none other than scenes filled with violence which may offend the audience, isnt it? Even if the specific genre is not a type for educational purpose, it doesnt necessarily mean that they are useless or violent to children. As generally everyone knows: all movies have a storyline, no matter what way it is, just like a book. And because of that, most of the storyline leaves a message for the audience. But is that it? Other than United States, there are others that are trying to make movies about their own cultures. Chinese movies are one of the most well-known for martial arts and their histories. There are also directors who sometimes want to make movies from true situations that they have experienced, so that audience who watches them will be able to learn from these situations. Since the topic itself is broad, Ill be concentrating on my own personal country, Korea. Not just that I could be able to share the history and acknowledge the advantages that people gain benefit from them, but also learn the Korean history and acknowledge them for myself. 1. Introduction What is a movie? To be alive is being moved. To be dead is being still. We say The Sea is alive particularly because of the waves. There are fish around in the sea. When we look at babies, they normally react to something or somebody moving. Man is an animal of curiosity. We all get interested in something new and/or alive. Movies can show us a new world which we can imagine. My study on movies starts here. A movie, also called a film or motion picture is a kind of living/ multi-complex art, which most of people like. A movie is a story that is communicated with animating images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects. The process of filmmaking has developed into an art form and industry. People in the United States call it movie, while in Europe they call it film. There are other terms that others call it, including the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema and the movies. The history of movies comes with the historical development of the medium. The history of movies spans over a hundred years, from the late 19th century to the present day. Movies were developed so well it evolved from creative innovation to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment, mass media in the 20th century to 21st century. Movies became highly compatible with arts, technology, and politics. Human being is an animal of communication. We talk, we see, we hear, we smell and we touch/ feel the others. Also we are a creature who can enjoy entertainment. Movie is one of the most powerful communication tools we have ever developed so far. Movie has started as a moving picture. And now it is not just an entertainment, but it is a centre of culture. Movies influence us on every lifestyle. We see other languages, lifestyles, clothes, instruments, houses, roads, buildings and landscapes, we hear other songs and sounds, we learn other thoughts and philosophies, and we feel other emotions on the movie than what we used to. Movies can offer a lot of different and diverse experiences to people something good and bad. 2. History of movies If we go through the history of movies, we will realise that movie itself is a history. The skills, stories and contents have been developed / changed in accordance with our history. Political, economic, social and ideological situation influence the movies and in return the movies influence our daily lives. 2.1. Birth of the Movie The French Lumià ¨re brothers, Louis and Auguste gave their first show of projected motion pictures to an audience on December 28, 1895. Their first public screening of films at which admission was charged was held at Salon Indien du Grand Cafà © in Paris. This history-making presentation featured ten short films, including their first film, Sortie des Usines Lumià ¨re à   Lyon (Workers Leaving the Lumià ¨re Factory). Each film is 17 meters long, which, when hand cranked through a projector, runs approximately 50 seconds. It was the well-known first movies which means that film changed from a simple innovator to a commercial product. The moving images had an immediate and significant influence on popular culture with LArrivà ©e dun Train en Gare de la Ciotat (Arrival of a Train at a Station) and Carmaux, dà ©fournage du coke (Drawing out the coke). It is said that the spectators who had looked on at Arrival of a Train at a Station ran away as they had felt the train came across them. 2.2. The silent era (1895 1925) Combining the image with synchronous sound was not possible for inventors and producers, since no such practical method was devised until 1923. For the first thirty years, they were silent, except accompanied by live musicians with possible sound effects. Even commentaries were spoken by the showman or projectionist. 2.3. The sound era (The era of talking pictures, or talkies 1926 ) Warner Bros. Hollywood studio introduced a new system called Vitaphone in 1926. It produces short films of live entertainment acts and public figures. Recorded sound effects and orchestral scores were able to be added to some of its major features. During late 1927, Warners released The Jazz Singer. It was mostly silent but contained what is generally known for the first synchronized dialogue (and singing) in a feature film. 2.3.1. Industrial impact of sound During the late 1929, Hollywood was filled with competition, including sound systems. Nevertheless, total changeover in the world overall, was slightly slower, mainly for economic reasons. This situation was known as or called The Golden Age of Hollywood, which roughly refers to 1926, when sound was introduced until the late 1940s. During that time, the American cinema successfully manufactured glamour and global appeal. The top actors of the era were thought of as the classic movie stars. Some of them were Clark Gable, Katharine Hepburn, Humphrey Bogart, Greta Garbo, and Shirley Temple, the greatest box office draw of the child performer in 1930s. Sound films developed and benefited more variety of genres than silent films. One of them was the musical film. The first classic-style Hollywood musical was The Broadway Melody (1929). The first major creator in choreographer and director was Busby Berkeley (42nd Street, 1933, Dames, 1934). In France, Renà © Clair the avant-garde director made various uses of songs and dances especially in comedies. Some of them were Under the Roofs of Paris (1930) and Le Million (1931). Universal Pictures began releasing horror films, such as Dracula and Frankenstein (both 1931). In 1933, RKO released Merian C. Coopers well-known giant monster film King Kong. Other popular films were American gangster films like Little Caesar and Wellmans The Public Enemy (both 1931). Dialogue took precedence over slapstick in Hollywood comedies: The Front Page (1931) or It Happened One Night (1934), the sexual double entrendres of Mae West (She Done Him Wrong, 1933) or the rebellious chaotic nonsense of the Marx Brothers (Duck Soup, 1933). Walt Disney, who was previously in the short cartoon business, triggered the first English-speaking animations. One of them was Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, released by RKO Pictures in 1937. In 1939, American cinema brought popular films, like The Wizard of Oz and Gone with The Wind. 2.3.2. War and post-war: patriotism and propaganda (1940s) The desire for wartime propaganda created a renaissance in the film industry in Britain, with realistic war dramas like 49th Parallel (1941), Went the Day Well? (1942), The Way Ahead (1944) and Noel Coward and David Leans celebrated naval film In Which We Serve in 1942, which won a special Academy Award. The onset of US involvement in World War II also brought a proliferation of movies as both patriotism and propaganda. American propaganda movies included Desperate Journey, Mrs Miniver, Forever and a Day and Objective Burma. Notable American films from the war years include the anti-Nazi Watch on the Rhine (1943), scripted by Dashiell Hammett; Shadow of a Doubt (1943), Hitchcocks direction of a script by Thornton Wilder; the George M. Cohan biopic, Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942), starring James Cagney, and the immensely popular Casablanca, with Humphrey Bogart. 2.3.3. Era of cold war and introduction of television (1950s) The Cold War era zeitgeist translated into a type of near-paranoia manifested in themes such as invading armies of evil aliens, (Invasion of the Body Snatchers, The War of the Worlds); and communist fifth columnists, (The Manchurian Candidate). During the immediate post-war years the cinematic industry was also threatened by television, and the increasing popularity of the medium meant that some movie theatres would bankrupt and close. Some of the most successful examples of the spectaculars include The Ten Commandments (1956), The Vikings (1958), Ben-Hur (1959), Spartacus (1960) and El Cid (1961). Also during this period a number of other significant films were produced in Todd-AO, developed by Mike Todd shortly before his death, including Oklahoma! (1955), Around the World in 80 Days (1956), South Pacific (1958) and Cleopatra (1963) plus many more. 2.3.4. 1960s During the 1960s the studio system in Hollywood declined, because many films were now being made on location in other countries, or using studio facilities abroad, such as Pinewood in the UK and Cinecittà   in Rome. Hollywood movies were still largely aimed at family audiences, and it was often the more old-fashioned films that produced the studios biggest successes. Productions like Mary Poppins (1964), My Fair Lady (1964) and The Sound of Music (1965) were among the biggest money-makers of the decade. Further, the nuclear paranoia of the age, and the threat of an apocalyptic nuclear exchange (like the 1962 close-call with the USSR during the Cuban missile crisis) prompted a reaction within the film community as well. Films like Stanley Kubricks Dr Strangelove and Fail Safe with Henry Fonda were produced in a Hollywood that was once known for its overt patriotism and wartime propaganda. In documentary film the sixties saw the blossoming of Direct Cinema, an observational style of film making as well as the advent of more overtly partisan films like In the Year of the Pig about the Vietnam War by Emile de Antonio. 2.3.5. The New Hollywood Post-classical cinema (1970s) The New Hollywood and post-classical cinema are terms used to describe the period following the decline of the studio system during the 1950s and 1960s and the end of the production code. During the 1970s, filmmakers increasingly depicted explicit sexual content and showed gunfight and battle scenes that included graphic images of bloody deaths. During the 1970s, a new group of American filmmakers emerged, such as Martin Scorsese, Francis Ford Coppola, Roman Polanski, Steven Spielberg, George Lucas and Brian De Palma. The development of the auteur style of filmmaking helped to give these directors far greater control over their projects than would have been possible in earlier eras. This led to some great critical and commercial successes, like Scorseses Taxi Driver, Coppolas The Godfather films, Polanskis Chinatown, Spielbergs Jaws and Close Encounters of the Third Kind and George Lucass Star Wars. The phenomenal success in the 1970s of Jaws and Star Wars in particular, led to the rise of the modern blockbuster. Hollywood studios increasingly focused on producing a smaller number of very large budget films with massive marketing and promotional campaigns. 2.3.6. Sequels, blockbusters and videotape (1980s) During the 1980s, audiences began increasingly watching movies on their home VCRs. In the early part of that decade, the movie studios tried legal action to ban home ownership of VCRs as a violation of copyright, which proved unsuccessful. Eventually, the sale and rental of movies on home video became a significant second venue for exhibition of films, and an additional source of revenue for the movie companies. The Lucas-Spielberg combine would dominate Hollywood cinema for much of the 1980s, and lead to much imitation. Two follow-ups to Star Wars, three to Jaws, and three Indiana Jones films helped to make sequels of successful films more of an expectation than ever before. Lucas also launched THX Ltd, a division of Lucasfilm in 1982, while Spielberg enjoyed one of the decades greatest successes in E.T. the same year. 1982 also saw the release of Disneys Tron. This was one of the first films from a major studio to use computer graphics extensively. 2.3.7. 1990s The early 1990s saw the development of a commercially successful independent cinema in the United States. Although cinema was increasingly dominated by special-effects films such as Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Jurassic Park (1993) and Titanic (1997), independent films like Steven Soderberghs sex, lies, and videotape (1989) and Quentin Tarantinos Reservoir Dogs (1992) had significant commercial success both at the cinema and on home video. Animated films aimed at family audiences also regained their popularity, with Disneys Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), and The Lion King (1994). During 1995 the first feature length computer-animated feature, Toy Story, was produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Disney. After the success of Toy Story, computer animation would grow to become the dominant technique for feature length animation, which would allow competing film companies such as Dreamworks Animation and 20th Century Fox to effectively compete with Disney with successful films of their own. During the late 1990s, another cinematic transition began, from physical film stock to digital cinema technology. Meanwhile DVDs became the new standard for consumer video, replacing VHS tapes. 2.3.8. 21st Century globalization and 3D movies There has been an increasing globalization of cinema during this decade, with foreign-language films gaining popularity in English-speaking markets. Examples of such films include Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Mandarin), Amelie (French), Lagaan (Hindi), Spirited Away (Japanese), City of God (Portuguese), The Passion of the Christ (Aramaic), Apocalypto (Mayan), Slumdog Millionaire (a third in Hindi), and Inglorious Basterds (multiple languages). There has been a revival in 3D film popularity the first being James Camerons Ghosts of the Abyss which was released as the first full-length 3-D IMAX feature filmed with the Reality Camera System. As of 2010, 3D movies are gaining increasing popularity. After James Camerons 3D movie Avatar became the highest-grossing film of all time, many other movies have followed suit and been released in 3D, with the best critical and financial successes being in the field of feature film animation such as DreamWorks Animations How To Train Your Dragon and Walt Disney Pictures/Pixars Toy Story 3. 3. The Korean movies Recently the Korean government office placed an order to the dept. of culture that Movie industry is mainly controlled by a few big capitals. Therefore we need to control those capitals to support making more movies that are ideologically more right-hand side. This is an example to show us that how movies can influence on people and how some governments want to take use of movies for their political purposes. In 2011 Director Hwang Dong-Hyeok made a movie, The Crucible (Korean name: Dogani) which is based on the novel of the same name by Gong Ji-young, starring Gong Yoo and Jung Yoo-mi. It is based on true events which took place at GwangjuInhwa School for the hearing-impaired, where young deaf students were the victims of repeated sexual assaults by faculty members over a period of five years in the early 2000s. as it was ridiculous that both crimes and the court proceedings let the teachers off with a mere minimal punishment, the film made an intense noticeable release in September 2011, which caused to reopen the investigations of these incidents. Over 4 million people in Korea watched this film, allowing the demand for legislative reform to reach all the way to the National Assembly, where a revised bill, dubbed the Dogani Bill, was passed in late October 2011 to abolish the statute of limitations for sex crimes against minors and the disabled. As we have gone through the world movie history, the movies are a product of history and they are so influential to the people. It is not only an entertainment, but also a strong mass-communication tool and become a centre of culture. 3.1. Development of Movies in Korea Koreas modern history has been very tough. Chosun dynasty (the last Korean emperor) was conquered by Japan in 1910 and since then Korea was under Japanese colony until 1945. After independence, there was a civil war from 1950 to 1953 for three years and divided into two countries North and South. During the cold war after the WW2 in the world, Korea was in the most serious and severe situation. It was a tragedy as the governments always take use of this political and ideological situation for their governance. All the democratic freedom of speech, thought and writhing have been thoroughly restricted under the name of ideology. Nevertheless, Korean people have been expanding their freedom with their dynamic characters and this is the same in movies. 3.1.1. Origin of movies (- 1926) According to the October 19, 1897 issue of The Times, Motion pictures have finally been introduced into Chosun, a country located in the Far East. At the beginning of October 1897 motion pictures were screened for the public in Jingogae, Bukchon, in a shabby barrack that was borrowed from its Chinese owner for three days. The works screened included short films and actuality films produced by Frances Pathe Pictures. Koreas first movie theatre, Dongdaemun Motion Picture Studio, was opened in 1903.The Dansung-sa Theatre opened in Seoul in November 1907.Not merely a theatre-operator, as the first film producer in Korea, Dansung-sas owner, Pak Sung-pil, took an active part in supporting early Korean cinema. He financed the first Korean domestic film, Loyal Revenge (Korean: Uirijeok Guto), as well as the first Korean documentary film, Scenes of Kyongsong City and showed both at his theatre on October 27, 1919. Uirijeok Guto was used as a Kino drama, a live theatrical production against the backdrop of film projected on stage. Some name a filming of Chunhyang-Jeon in 1921 (released in 1922) as the first Korean feature film. The traditional story, Chunhyang, was to become Koreas most-filmed story later. It was possibly the first Korean feature film, and was certainly the first Korean sound film, colour film and widescreen film. Im Kwon-taeks 2000 Pansori version of Chunhyang brought the number of films based on Chunyang. 3.1.2. The silent era (1926 1935) Korean film studios at this time were Japanese-operated. A hat-merchant known as Yodo Orajo established a film company called Choson Kinema Productions. After appearing in the Choson Kinemas 1926 production Nongjungjo, the young actor Na Woon-gyu got the chance to write, direct and star in his own film. The release of Nas film, Arirang (1926) is generally considered the start of the era of silent film in Korea and this has shown the power of movie as it influenced the depressed Korean people to recognize their nationality. Another important director of this period, Shim Hun, directed only one film, Mondongi Tultte (At Daybreak). Though the reviews for this film were as strong as those for Arirang, Shim died at the age of 35 while directing his second film, based on his own novel, Sangroksu (The Evergreens). The novel was later filmed by director Shin Sang-ok in 1961 and by Im Kwon-taek in 1978. The first half of the 1930s saw a decline in the domestic film industry in Korea. Due largely to censorship and oppression from the occupying authorities, the number of films produced at this time dropped down to only two or three per year, and some filmmakers fled Korea for the more robust film industry in Shanghai at this time. Perhaps the most important film of this era is Imjaeobtneun naleutbae (Ferryboat with no Ferryman) (1932), directed by Lee Gyu-hwan (1904-1981), and starring Na Woon-gyu. Because of increasing governmental censorship, this has been called the last pre-liberation film to present a significant nationalistic message. 3.1.3. Early sound era (1935 1945) Koreas first sound film was Lee Myeong-woos 1935 Chunhyang-jeon. The sound technique was reportedly poor, but Korean audiences appreciated hearing their own language in the cinema. The number of films produced increased during the latter part of the decade. Na Woon-gyu began making a larger number of films again with significant works like Kanggeonneo maeul (1935), and Oh Mong-nyeo (1937), before his premature death in 1937. Sound films in Korea faced much harsher censorship from the Japanese government-General than did the silent films before them. Also, the loss of the byeonsa (narrators) with the coming of sound film meant that anti-authority messages could no longer be sneaked around the censors in this way. The showings of American and European films decreased, and were replaced by Japanese films. Korean-made films became a propaganda tool for the government of the Japanese occupation. Starting in 1938, all film-making in Korea was done by the Japanese, and by 1942 the use of Korean language in film was banned. 3.1.4. Divided Korea South Korea 3.1.4.1. 1945 (independence) 1955 With the surrender of Japan in 1945, Korean cinema enjoyed a burst of liberty-and liberty itself, understandably, became the major theme of films at this time. Choi In-gyus Viva Freedom! (Korean: Jayu manse!), about Korean freedom-fighters during the waning days of the colonial period, is considered the major film of this era. During the Korean War, film production slowed; only five or six films were produced each year from 1950 to 1953. 3.1.4.2. Golden era of Korean movies (1955 1972) The quality and quantity of Korean movies had increased dramatically this period. 15 films in 1955, 30 in 1956, 37 in 1957, 74 in 1958 and became 111 films in 1959. The most famous movies were Chunhyang-Jeon (Lee Gyu-hwan 1955) and Free madam (Han Hyung-mo 1959). Chunhyang-Jeon is based on Korean classic story, while Free madam is totally shocking against the Korean traditional way of thinking. Director Lee Kyu-hwan successfully remade Chunhyang-jeon in 1955. Within two months 10% of Seouls population-over 200,000 people had seen the movie, giving the re-establishment of the film industry further impetus. The movie viewers became more than 170,000,000 people per year in 1960s. There were many different genres as well Young love movies, Comedy movies and Action thriller movies. 3.1.4.3. Dark era of Korean movies (1973 1979) This time period can also be called as the winter of the sixty years in Korean film. This was due to the fact that South Korean had a very authoritarian political system that was led by Park Chung-hee. His program of Yusin Restoration (Revitalizing Reforms) caused Korea Cinema to come into a depression period with oppression through censorship. Because the government feared that cinema would disrupt the good taste or customs, harm the pride and dignity of South Korea, praise or support North Korea and Communism, or criticize the political and government politics, filmmakers were wary of this censorship and they were not allowed to produce films that they wanted. Writing in 1981, the International Film Guide said of South Korean cinema, No country has a stricter code of film censorship than South Korea with the possible exception of the North Koreans and some other Communist bloc countries. The number of films in 1970 was 230 and it dropped to 96 only in 1979. The number of movie view ers was 170,000,000 in 1969 and it dropped to 64,000,000 in 1977. 3.1.4.4. The second dark era (1980 1996) After the assassination of President Park Chung-hee in 1979, Korea still has to wait more time to come spring time in Korean movies. In 1988, President Roh Tae-woo began the gradual elimination of the government censorship of political expression in films. Directors were quick to begin re-exploring social and political themes in their films. During this period, producer Lee Tae-won made domestic films just to get an import quote. This import quota system controlled the films and restricted the directors to produce films that would supplement the government. Because the import quota system was controlled by the MPPC (Motion Picture Promotion Corporation, created in 1973) and because the government mainly controlled the MPPC, the government basically had all the control to display whichever film they want and cut out all the films that would go against their views. The audience for domestic films reached a low point, due partly to the opening of the market to films from overseas, especially the United States and Hong Kong. By 1993, only 16% of the films seen by South Korean audiences were made domestically. The local film industry persevered through this lean period. 3.1.4.5. 1997 Present From the late 1990s, South Korean cinema managed to attain domestic box office success exceeding that of Hollywood blockbuster movies. From 1997 to present is considered golden age for Korean films, and now Korea is being considered an Asian film powerhouse, producing movies from various genres, not just for Korean market but also widely for the rest of the Asia. The 1999 film Shiri about a North Korean spy preparing a coup in Seoul was the first in Korean history to sell more than 2 million tickets in Seoul alone. The movies popularity, coupled with the screen quota, helped Shiri to surpass Hollywood box office hits such as Titanic, The Matrix and Star Wars in South Korean theatres. This movies success motivated other Korean films with large budgets for Korean circumstances. In 2000 the film JSA (Joint Security Area) successfully surpassed the benchmark set by Shiri. A year later, the film Friend managed as well. The romantic comedy My Sassy Girl outsold The Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter, which ran at the same time in South Korea. As of 2004, new films continue to outperform older releases. In South Korea some Korean productions are more popular than Hollywood films. Films such as Shilmido and Taegukgi were watched by over 10 million people per film, which is a quarter of the South Korean population. Shilmido is a film based on a true story about a secret task force in 1970s. The other blockbuster movie, Taegukgi, was described about two brothers in the Korean War. Films such as Shiri have been distributed in the USA. In 2001, Miramax bought the rights to a remake of one of the successful Korean action comedy movie, My Wife is a Gangster. Recently, popular Korean movies such as Il Mare (remade as The Lake House), Old Boy, My Sassy Girl, and Joint Security Area have also been bought by Hollywood firms for remake as well. The 2003 psychological horror A Tale of Two Sisters was successful as well, leading Dreamworks to pay $2 million (US) for the rights to a remake, topping the $1 million (US) paid for the Japanese movie The Ring. 3.1.4.6. Festival success In 2002, Korean film first acquired serious international recognition at the Venice Film Festival, where the film of Oasis won the second prize award. Its about an isolated young woman with cerebral palsy who falls in love with a simple minded man who has recently completed a term in prison for hitting and running an accident that killed her father. Old Boy came in second place in the Cannes Film Festival, second to Fahrenheit 9/11, and hence known for another Korean film to achieve international recognition. It is about the life of a man who is put into solitary confinement by someone he doesnt know. He had to live there for 15 years before he is released and given 5 days to discover the reason for his cruel entrapment. Dark and gloomy, Old Boy experiments with several psychological madness and sexual distortions. In February 2004, Kim Ki Duk won the award for best director at the 54th annual Berlin Film Festival, for a film about a teenage prostitute, Samaritan Girl. In addition, he won the Silver Lion award at the Venice Film Festival for his 2004 movie, 3-Iron. In 2010, Poetry won the Best Screenplay Award and was selected for the main competition at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival. In November 2011, the leading actress, Jeong-hee Yoon won the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress for her performance. 3.2. Korean-Wave Korean movies together with Korean dramas and Korean songs are making a new wave in Asian countries as well as the rest of the world nowadays. There are three important dates of new Korean-wave movies: 1992, Marriage Story was financed by Samsung, marking the first non-government funded film. 1999, Shiri was released and led to Korean films taking over 50% of the local market. Ultimately, My Sassy Girl became the most popular and exportable Korean film in history. 4. Movies, as a major part of culture industry Every day we meet movies on TVs as well as at theatres. Most of the people from the young to elderly enjoy movies. There are so many genres action, science fiction, adventure, comedy, crime, epic/myth, fantasy, horror, love/romantic), social drama, thriller, and so on. A movie is not just a mere entertainment, but a part of our lives. We have unlimited imagination and access to high technology. Movies dont stick to walls any more. It walks in and out of our mind. They become part of our experiences we may never be able to see from overseas. 5. Conclusion Because movies are strongly influential to the people, there are negative effects. They may be good and enjoyable movies. They can, however, be violent or sexual. They could particularly give a bad impact on youngsters. Few cases have been found in the USA. One of them was about a young student who shot several people dead. He admitted that he imitated a violent scene he has watched. The politicians take advantage of movies for their political purposes. Hitler used movies for his Nazi system. The movie Triumph of the Will is an example. During the Cold War era, there were a lot of movies related to the Cold War. One of them was one of the 007 series. Horse opera movies were made for the White to justify their conquering of the continent and pushing away the Indi

Character Personality Types in Pride and Prejudice Essay example -- Li

â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† was written by Jane Austin and published in 1813. Since its publication, Pride and Prejudice has remained a hugely popular book with multiple film adaptations. The success of â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† can be attributed to many factors such as its idyllic setting, the strained romance between the two main characters and the witty dialog. However, the relatability of the characters and the abundance of personality types reflected in modern society have made Pride and Prejudice one of the most loved books of all time. We can use the Jung theory on personality types to classify each character. Jung states: â€Å" †¦my first concern must be with the two general types I have termed introverted and extraverted. But, in addition, I shall also try to give a certain characterization of those special types whose particularity is due to the fact that his most differentiated function plays the principal role in an individual's adaptation or orientation to life.† (Jung) Just and introvert and extrovert are opposites of each other, the other types that make up a person personality are also opposite each other. This is best explained on the Meyer-Briggs Foundations website which describes four â€Å"dichotomies.† Introvert and extrovert are the first set of dichotomies, followed by sensing and intuition, thinking and feeling, and judging and perceiving. The combination of these characteristics make up one’s personality type. (Myers and Briggs Foundation) By using Jung’s theories we can analyze each character and identify what it is that makes the character relatable. Elizabeth is strong willed and knows what she wants. â€Å"A stile-jumper by conviction as well as instinct, she not only flouts convention, she holds it up for deliberate mock... ...xperienced an abundance of success and will continue to delight readers for years to come because of it relatable characters. Works Cited Austin, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. London: Egerton, 1813. Print. Deresiewicz, William. "Community and Cognition in "Pride and Prejudice"." ELH (1997): 503-535. Web. Ewin, R. E. "Pride, Prejudice and Shyness." Philosophy (1990): 137-154. Jung, C. G. Psycological Types. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976. Web. 11 December 2011. . Morgan, Susan. "Intelligence in "Pride and Prejudice"." Modern Philology (1975): 54-68. Myers and Briggs Foundation. MBTI Basics. 2003. Web. 11 December 2011. . Sherry, James. "Pride and Prejudice: The Limits of Society." Studies in English Literature (1979): 609-622. Web.

History/Industrial Boom Essay

During the period of 1860-1900, there were many factors that helped to promote America’s industrial growth. There were many obstacles that kept America from industrializing such as scarce labor, plentiful land, and expensive labor. Once immigrants started to pour in they would work for a lot less money making industrialization possible. With more manpower, for less money they could increase the production at any place. The building of railroads and machines greatly helped industrialization along with the immigrants working for less money. A huge factor in industrialization between 1860-1900 was immigration. About 23 million people came from other countries and immigrated to the U.S in that time. Most of these immigrants had no skill and no rep in America when they got here. They worked for little to no money making labor very cheap and affordable for industries. The immigrants allowed companies to make money by treating them unfairly and using the money they made to further bu ild their company. Having a machine do a man’s job was great for industrialization. It allowed for a factory to save money and only pay one man, to run the machine, and have the machine do the work of ten men. Having machines made production a lot faster and allowed for less product to spoil saving the factory or company money. The machines were powered by either coal or water power, which were both very cheap. Factories found a way to increase efficiency while also saving money. During the period of time between 1860 and 1900, there were many needs in industry. These needs included communication, natural resources, power sources, cheap labor, and applied technology. According to a pie graph of American in the 1850s, 52% of all power came from animals while only 35% came from water and coal. By the 1900s, the use of water and coal more than doubled to 73% of all power sources. Transportation such as the railroad system was a very important part of industrialization. Transporting material goods could be sped up and could be delivered to farther places. Trains could transport finished goods and raw materials to processing plants. Railroads were a lot faster than wagons, the previous way of transporting goods in America. In the 1860 Republican platform it is evident that the Republican party of the Federal Government was in control during most of the country’s industrial boom. Their platform wanted to impose tariffs, or taxes, on foreign goods to keep America’s spending within its own borders. They also supported the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad. The railroad allowed goods to be sold throughout the whole country, which in turn increased production and sales. At that point in time, as well as today, time equaled money. Travel times were cut, and therefore money was raked in more than ever before. According to a graph, of miles of railroad track in the U.S from 1860-1900, by 1900, there was almost 200,000 miles of railroad track in America. This was an increase of over 160,000 miles from 1860. The United States was â€Å"on track† to becoming a huge industrial nation. Many different factors between 1860 and 1900 contributed to the industrialization of America. Immigration allowed for cheap and common labor. Railroad systems allowed for faster transportation of goods. Machines found ways to save money and increase production while saving money. These factors along with Republicans being in favor of industrialization allowed for an industrial boom in America.

Abnormal Psychology Critique

Changes in impairment level, functional status, and use of assistive devices by older people with depressive symptoms. Dayao, Arveene L. BS Psychology II – 01 Manila Tytana Colleges To be submitted to : Ms. Sheila Laine Dela Paz Date submitted : January 30, 2012 ABSTRACT This study sought to understand how functional status, impairment level, and use of assistive devices change over 3 years for older adults with depressive symptoms. I further explored factors that predict change in severity of depressive symptoms. During 3 years, participants experienced ncreased physical disability, a decline in severity of depressive symptoms, and an increase in the total number of assistive devices owned. A significant number of older adults will experience a decrease in depressive symptoms over 3 years, despite an increase in physical disability. They also will obtain more assistive devices as they age. The specific issue that stands out in the journal is relative to the various changes in impairment level, functional status and use of some suggested assistive devices that could be used by older people who suffer symptoms of depression. I do very much agree how the author ouched the subject and explained depression among the older people. There is nothing from the journal article that I disagree about. The points presented by the author about the existence of this feeling of depression among the older people are true and satisfactory. The second journal that I have, Suicide In Older Adults : Nursing Assessment Of Suicide by Linda Garand, PhD, APRN, BC, Ann M. Mitchell, PhD, RN, AHN, BC, Ann Dietrick, MSN, APRN, BC, Sophia P. Hijjawi, BSN, RN, and Di Pan, BSN, RN, is somewhat parallel to my first journal. This second article talks about suicide in older adults.It is being discussed here that suicide and attempted suicide is associated with depression, psychosis and substance abuse among younger individuals, yet among older adults, depression and co morbid medical cond itions play important contributory roles. Same as what was being talked about in the first article. The issue that attracts my attention is on the prevalence of suicidal behaviors in older adults and lays a foundation for understanding the role of risk factors in the prevention of suicide. Just like in the first article, the issue focuses more on depression on older adults.It has been proven that the older adults are the one that easily get depressed than the younger ones. Just as no single factor is universally causal, no single intervention will prevent all suicides. The multi-dimensionality of suicide presents great challenges, but also has important implications for prevention. Suicide in late life must be understood as a complex combination of interactive effects in which mood disorders take a central role. Our ability to more precisely target preventive interventions will hinge on a better understanding of those relationships. Until then, urses and others must be diligent in t he identification of older adults at risk for suicide. Subgroups of older adults at high risk for suicide include those with depressive illnesses, previous suicide attempts, physical illnesses, and those who are socially isolated. Therefore I can say, that major depression is the most common diagnosis in older adults (of both sexes) who attempt or complete suicide. This study used data from Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Aging Consumer Assessment Study, a longitudinal study of coping strategies of elders with disabilities.Seventy-three participants with depressive symptoms were interviewed at baseline and 3 years later. I believe that the author used the most appropriate method because they have come about with good results. And thus, there is no other appropriate or suitable way to test the depressive symptoms of older people than having a study or conducting a survey on a rehabilitation center. For me, application through conducting tests would be the best idea to p rove whether the issue is correct or not. The journal article fully and clearly explains what depression is all about that affects the lder people. It is notable that depression happens to some people more especially the old ones who are said to be prone to the disorder. Upon relating the topic to my course, such situation is under the field of Abnormal Psychology. The field is of great importance to students taking up Psychology course like me who would desire to pursue the field of Clinical Psychology. As depression is common and could happen to everyone, this study is applicable to all. Through it, we shall have a clear idea of the appropriate way to do if ever we meet or experience a feeling of depression.Above all things, this will be a great help to me who would really like to be a successful Clinical Psychologist in the future. REFERENCES Mann, William C. , et al. â€Å"Changes in impairment level, functional status, and use of assistive devices by older people with depressi ve symptoms. †Ã‚  AJOT: American Journal of Occupational Therapy  62. 1 (2008): 9+. InfoTrac Custom 100 Titles. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. Document URL http://find. galegroup. com/gtx/infomark. do? &source=gale&srcprod=SP00&prodId=SPJ. SP00&u serGroupName=phmtc&tabID=T002&docId=A208219498&type=retrieve&contentSet=IAC-Documents&version=1. 0 Agree, E. , & Freedman, V. (2003). A comparison of assistive technology and personal care in alleviating disability and unmet need. Gerontologist, 43, 335-344. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). 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(1967). Manual for the Depression Adjective Check Lists. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service. Mann, W. , Llanes, C. , Justiss, M. , & Tomita, M. (2004). Frail older adults' self-report of their most important assistive device. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research: Occupation, Participation, and Health, 24, 4-12. Mann, W. , Ottenbacher, K. , Fraas, L. , Tomita, M. , ; Granger, C. (1999). Effectiveness of assistive technology and environmental interventions in maintaining independence and reducing home care costs for the frail elder ly.Archives of Family Medicine, 8, 210-217. Noel, P. , Williams, J. , Unutzer, J. , Worchel, J. , Lee, S. , Cornell, J. , et al. (2004). Depression and comorbid illness in elderly primary care patients: Impact on multiple domains of health status and well-being. Annals of Family Medicine, 2, 555-562. Ottenbacher, K. , Mann, W. , Granger, C. , Tomita, M. , Hurren, D. , ; Charvat, B. (1994). 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American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 20, 71-73. Radloff, L. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401. Radloff, L. , ; Locke, B. (Eds. ). (1986). The community mental health assessment survey and the CES-D scale. In M. M. Weissman, J. K. Myers, ; C. E. Ross (Eds. , Community surveys of psychiatric disorders (pp. 177-189). Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Raskin, A. , Schulterbrandt, J. , Reatig, N. , ; McKeon, J. (1969). Replication of factors of psychopathology in interview, ward behavior, and self-report r atings of hospitalized depressives. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 148, 87-96. Roelands, M. , Van Oost, P. , Buysse, A. , ; Depoorter, A. (2002). Awareness among community- dwelling elderly of assistive devices for mobility and self-care and attitudes towards their use. Social Science and Medicine, 54, 1441-1451.Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, ; National Institute of Mental Health. (1994). Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General— Executive summary: Chapter 5–Depression in older adults. Rockville, MD: Authors. Retrieved February 13, 2003, from http://mentalhealth. org/features/surgeongeneralreport/chapter5/sec3. asp Schiller, J. , & Bernadel, L. (2004). Summary health statistics for the U. S. opulation: National Health Interview Survey, 2002. Vital Health Statistics, 10(220) 1-101. Tomita, M. , Mann, W. , & Fraas, L. (2004). Predictors of the use of assistive devices that address physical impairments among community-based frail elders. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 23, 141-155. Verbrugge, L. , & Sevak, P. (2002). Use, type, and efficacy of assistance for disability. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57B, S366-S37 . Wechsler, D. (1955). Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. New York: Psychological Corporation.Westfall, P. , ; Young, S. (1993). Resampling-based multiple testing: Examples and methods for p-value adjustment. New York: Wiley. Wilcoxon, F. (1945). Individual comparisons by ranking methods. Biometrics, 1, 80-83. William C. Mann, OTR, PhD, is Chairperson and Distinguished Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100164, Gainesville, FL 32610-0164; [email  protected] ufl. edu Jessica L. Johnson, MA, OTR/L, is Research Assistant, RERC-Tech-Aging, Rehabilitation Scie nce Doctoral Program, University of Florida, Gainesville.Lisa G. Lynch, MHS, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist and Owner, Creative Therapy Works, Inc. , Lake Worth, FL. Michael D. Justiss, PhD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis. Machiko Tomita, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, State University of New York. Samuel S. Wu, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, University of Florida, Gainesville.